Navigation/Coordinate systems lesson

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Line 71: Line 71:
* written on left and right edge of map
* written on left and right edge of map
* horizontal blue lines have same northing
* horizontal blue lines have same northing
 +
* every 1000m
* only 2 of the digits are shown for most blue lines
* only 2 of the digits are shown for most blue lines
Line 86: Line 87:
'''Stating a UTM'''
'''Stating a UTM'''
* order: Z - E - N
* order: Z - E - N
-
* e.g. 12U 710000 5477000
+
* e.g. 12U 710000mE 5477000mN
* ''find this location: middle of Beauvais Lake''
* ''find this location: middle of Beauvais Lake''
 +
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Being more precise'''
 +
* estimate inside blue square
 +
* using roamer
 +
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Short form UTM'''
 +
* used mainly over radio
 +
* 6 digits (3 easting, 3 northing, no zone)
 +
* assumes they know which map you're using
 +
* accurate to 100m
 +
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Geographic Coordinate System'''
 +
* Latitude and Longitude
 +
* used by aircraft
 +
* Better when dealing with 100's of kilometers
 +
* used by untrained people (all they've heard of)
 +
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Degrees'''
 +
 +
* A circle has 360 degrees.
 +
* World is a sphere. Equator is a circle.
 +
* measure longitude West 180 degrees along the equator from the prime meridian (Greenwich England)
 +
* measure East 180 degrees
 +
* meet at about the International Date Line in the Pacific
 +
 +
* Measure north or south along the longitude to get the latitude
 +
* 90 degrees Latitude North to the north pole
 +
* 90 degrees South to the south pole
 +
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Minutes'''
 +
 +
* Degrees are too big
 +
* Every degree of latitude is 60 nautical miles
 +
** = 69 miles
 +
** = 111 km
 +
 +
* On the equator a degree of longitude is also 60 nautical miles
 +
* gets smaller the closer to the poles you get
 +
 +
* Degrees are divided into 60 minutes
 +
* written as '
 +
* 1' of latitude is 1 nautical mile
 +
** = 1.15 miles
 +
** = 1.9 km
 +
 +
* 1' of longitude varies depending on how close to the poles
 +
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Seconds'''
 +
 +
Getting even more accurate.
 +
* 60 seconds in a minute
 +
* written as "
 +
* 1" of latitude is 101 feet
 +
* = 31m
 +
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Full Lat/Long'''
 +
 +
* example: 49deg 23' 24" N, 114deg 20' 25" W
 +
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Reading on a map'''
 +
 +
* latitude goes from bottom to top along edges of map
 +
* each minute is marked by a black or white bar
 +
* seconds have to be estimated
 +
 +
* longitude goes from right to left along top and bottom edge of map
 +
* size of minute is different
 +
 +
* no lines join opposite sides of map
 +
* gray lines (township and section) are sometimes close
 +
* roll edge of map to create temporary straight line
 +
* read degrees and minutes, estimate seconds
 +
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Exercise'''
 +
 +
''find lat/long of several features''
 +
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Convert by GPS'''
 +
 +
* create waypoint in one coordinate sytem
 +
* display in another
 +
 +
* need to match Map Datum used on map
{{lesson slides end}}
{{lesson slides end}}

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Contents

[edit] Subject

What is this lesson plan about?

This lesson plan reviews and touches on the coordinates systems that may be used in our area:

  • UTM
  • Geographic Coordinates (Lat/Long)
  • Legal Land Description

[edit] Authors

List who wrote this lesson plan.

Brett Wuth

[edit] Scope

What is included in this lesson, what's not and why.


[edit] Prerequisites

What should students already know/have accomplished before the lesson is presented.


[edit] Objectives

At the conclusion of this lesson the participants:

  1. will be able to ...

[edit] Time Plan

Total Time: 120 minutes


Time Material


00:00

3 min

Introduce topic title

Introduce Instructor

Present Objectives

00:03


Distribute maps, pencils, erasers

  • safe pencils to use on maps
  • safe eraser to use on maps



coordinates systems

A coordinate system is a way of specifying a location on map

3 systems you're likely to use in SAR.

  • UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator
  • Geographic Coordinate System - Latitude/Longitute
  • Legal Land Description - Section, Township. Roads and Approaches



UTM

  • SAR uses mostly
  • taught in SAR fundamentals
  • 3 parts: ZEN
    • Zone
    • Easting
    • Northing


Zones

  • Each zone is a grid system that stretches from near the antarctic to the far north
  • different strips necessary because laying a square grid on a round world
  • Each zone is 6 degrees wide
  • Pincher Creek is right at the boundary between zone 11U (on west) and zone 12U (on east)
  • Each map shows it's zone


Northing

  • how far north of the equator (in meters)
  • written on left and right edge of map
  • horizontal blue lines have same northing
  • every 1000m
  • only 2 of the digits are shown for most blue lines



Easting

  • relative to the center of the Zone
  • center of Zone is 500,000m
  • bigger number the further east you go
  • smaller number as you fo west
  • written on the bottom and top edge of the map
  • vertical blue lines have same easting
  • sometimes starts over from 99 to 00 (with carry)



Stating a UTM

  • order: Z - E - N
  • e.g. 12U 710000mE 5477000mN
  • find this location: middle of Beauvais Lake



Being more precise

  • estimate inside blue square
  • using roamer



Short form UTM

  • used mainly over radio
  • 6 digits (3 easting, 3 northing, no zone)
  • assumes they know which map you're using
  • accurate to 100m



Geographic Coordinate System

  • Latitude and Longitude
  • used by aircraft
  • Better when dealing with 100's of kilometers
  • used by untrained people (all they've heard of)



Degrees

  • A circle has 360 degrees.
  • World is a sphere. Equator is a circle.
  • measure longitude West 180 degrees along the equator from the prime meridian (Greenwich England)
  • measure East 180 degrees
  • meet at about the International Date Line in the Pacific
  • Measure north or south along the longitude to get the latitude
  • 90 degrees Latitude North to the north pole
  • 90 degrees South to the south pole



Minutes

  • Degrees are too big
  • Every degree of latitude is 60 nautical miles
    • = 69 miles
    • = 111 km
  • On the equator a degree of longitude is also 60 nautical miles
  • gets smaller the closer to the poles you get
  • Degrees are divided into 60 minutes
  • written as '
  • 1' of latitude is 1 nautical mile
    • = 1.15 miles
    • = 1.9 km
  • 1' of longitude varies depending on how close to the poles



Seconds

Getting even more accurate.

  • 60 seconds in a minute
  • written as "
  • 1" of latitude is 101 feet
  • = 31m



Full Lat/Long

  • example: 49deg 23' 24" N, 114deg 20' 25" W



Reading on a map

  • latitude goes from bottom to top along edges of map
  • each minute is marked by a black or white bar
  • seconds have to be estimated
  • longitude goes from right to left along top and bottom edge of map
  • size of minute is different
  • no lines join opposite sides of map
  • gray lines (township and section) are sometimes close
  • roll edge of map to create temporary straight line
  • read degrees and minutes, estimate seconds



Exercise

find lat/long of several features



Convert by GPS

  • create waypoint in one coordinate sytem
  • display in another
  • need to match Map Datum used on map



[edit] Aids

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[edit] Question bank

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See Question bank

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[edit] License

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Copyright © 2013, Brett Wuth.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 Canada License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ca/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

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[edit] Notes

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