Editing SAR Fundamentals/Navigation instruments theory
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== Time Plan == | == Time Plan == | ||
Total Time: 1 hour 45 minutes | Total Time: 1 hour 45 minutes | ||
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{{lesson slides start}} | {{lesson slides start}} | ||
{{lesson slide|00:00|3 min}} | {{lesson slide|00:00|3 min}} | ||
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Introduce topic title | Introduce topic title | ||
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The four instruments we will discuss: | The four instruments we will discuss: | ||
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* compass | * compass | ||
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* GPS | * GPS | ||
+ | * altimeter | ||
+ | * pace counter | ||
No one instrument is perfect. Each is better in some circumstances. | No one instrument is perfect. Each is better in some circumstances. | ||
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Each instrument has different ways of failing. | Each instrument has different ways of failing. | ||
- | {{lesson slide|00:04 | + | {{lesson slide|00:04|1 min}} |
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'''Compass''' | '''Compass''' | ||
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- | {{lesson slide|00: | + | {{lesson slide|00:05|2 min}} |
'''Magnetic North''' | '''Magnetic North''' | ||
- | The needle of the compass points in the direction of Magnetic North | + | The needle of the compass points in the direction of Magnetic North. |
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This is not the same as True North. | This is not the same as True North. | ||
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+ | Magnetic North points in the direct of Earth's North Magnetic Pole. | ||
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+ | It's also somewhat altered by regional geomagnetic features. | ||
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The North Magnetic Pole isn't the same location as the north pole. | The North Magnetic Pole isn't the same location as the north pole. | ||
- | North Magnetic Pole is currently ( | + | North Magnetic Pole is currently (2012) 85.9 deg N 147.0 deg W |
- | northwest of of the tip of Ellsmere Island | + | northwest of of the tip of Ellsmere Island. |
It moves. About 55 km closer to Russia each year. | It moves. About 55 km closer to Russia each year. | ||
- | {{lesson slide|00: | + | {{lesson slide|00:07|5 min}} |
'''Declination''' | '''Declination''' | ||
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It's expressed in degrees and fractions of degrees (minutes). | It's expressed in degrees and fractions of degrees (minutes). | ||
- | If Magnetic North is to the | + | If Magnetic North is to the west of True North, the declination is |
- | degrees | + | degrees WEST. Opposite is degrees EAST. |
Declination changes from year to year. | Declination changes from year to year. | ||
It also changes from area to area. | It also changes from area to area. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Because North Pole and the North Magnetic Pole appear further apart or | ||
+ | closer together depending on where you are located. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In our area, declination increases: | ||
+ | * the further west you go | ||
+ | * or the further north you go | ||
* Pincher Creek has about half a degree more declination than Lethbridge. | * Pincher Creek has about half a degree more declination than Lethbridge. | ||
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** generators, electric motors | ** generators, electric motors | ||
- | attracted to certain metals | + | attracted to certain metals (iron, nickel, cobalt, alloys like steel) |
* don't hold close to building, vehicle, belt buckle | * don't hold close to building, vehicle, belt buckle | ||
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* interior north-south lines | * interior north-south lines | ||
* adjustable declination | * adjustable declination | ||
- | * nice: | + | * nice: magnefying lens |
* sighting mirror | * sighting mirror | ||
** sighting line | ** sighting line | ||
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* approx $70 | * approx $70 | ||
- | {{lesson slide|00:24 | + | {{lesson slide|00:24|1 min}} |
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'''Satellite navigation systems''' | '''Satellite navigation systems''' | ||
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Other systems will soon arrive from the Chinese and the Europeans. | Other systems will soon arrive from the Chinese and the Europeans. | ||
- | {{lesson slide|00: | + | {{lesson slide|00:24|3 min}} |
'''How a GPS works''' | '''How a GPS works''' | ||
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** test GPS by turning it. Does the direction arrow change? | ** test GPS by turning it. Does the direction arrow change? | ||
- | {{lesson slide|00: | + | {{lesson slide|00:27|10 min}} |
'''How a GPS fails''' | '''How a GPS fails''' | ||
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* magnetic anomalies (far north) | * magnetic anomalies (far north) | ||
- | {{lesson slide|00: | + | {{lesson slide|00:37|4 min}} |
'''Alternatives/Aids to GPS''' | '''Alternatives/Aids to GPS''' | ||
* location: dead recogning / distance-bearing / triangulation | * location: dead recogning / distance-bearing / triangulation | ||
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- | {{lesson slide|00: | + | {{lesson slide|00:41|7 min 7,6,}} |
- | '''When | + | '''When is a GPS sufficient/help/not helpful''' |
discuss examples, compare with other alternatives | discuss examples, compare with other alternatives | ||
determine location when at | determine location when at | ||
- | + | * hill top: + | |
- | + | * valley bottom: depends on tightness | |
- | + | * heavy trees: depends on type of trees, wetness | |
- | + | * canyon: - | |
- | + | * south side of a lone hill: + | |
- | + | * north side of a lone hill: poorer -- no WAAS | |
- | + | * downtown city: poor : multipath | |
- | + | * under power lines: + | |
- | + | * heavy fog: + | |
- | + | * blizzard: + | |
- | + | determine direction/distance to | |
- | + | * known UTM: sufficient | |
- | + | * some place you can see: not helpful or only poor with magnetic sensor | |
- | + | * some place you've been: sufficient if you took a waypoint | |
- | + | * a LatLong: sufficient | |
- | + | * a street address: for street GPS | |
- | + | route selection: poor unless street | |
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- | {{lesson slide|00: | + | remembering a UTM: sufficient |
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+ | {{lesson slide|00:48|5 min 5,6}} | ||
'''Significant configuration settings''' | '''Significant configuration settings''' | ||
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** Pincher SAR maps generally NAD27 | ** Pincher SAR maps generally NAD27 | ||
- | {{lesson slide|00: | + | {{lesson slide|00:53|9 min}} |
'''configure a particular model for local SAR usage''' | '''configure a particular model for local SAR usage''' | ||
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- | {{lesson slide|01: | + | {{lesson slide|01:02|5 min}} |
'''Long/Short UTM''' | '''Long/Short UTM''' | ||
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** converting to short form | ** converting to short form | ||
- | {{lesson slide|01: | + | {{lesson slide|01:07|5 min}} |
'''Reading UTM on a GPS''' | '''Reading UTM on a GPS''' | ||
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*** Garmin eTrex: on Satellite Page | *** Garmin eTrex: on Satellite Page | ||
- | {{lesson slide|01: | + | {{lesson slide|01:12|13 min}} |
'''GPS UTM exercise''' | '''GPS UTM exercise''' | ||
''Exercise:'' | ''Exercise:'' | ||
* Record last known UTM in long form | * Record last known UTM in long form | ||
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* Give last known UTM in short form | * Give last known UTM in short form | ||
+ | * Go outside, record current UTM in long and short form, note accuracy. | ||
* assist students that don't have Pincher SAR GPS | * assist students that don't have Pincher SAR GPS | ||
- | {{lesson slide|01: | + | {{lesson slide|01:15|10 min}} |
'''Manual determination of Distance and Direction''' | '''Manual determination of Distance and Direction''' | ||
* use map | * use map | ||
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* map/calculation: 129 degrees 661m | * map/calculation: 129 degrees 661m | ||
- | {{lesson slide|01: | + | {{lesson slide|01:25|10 min}} |
'''Choosing a GPS''' | '''Choosing a GPS''' | ||
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* Prices: low $200 | * Prices: low $200 | ||
- | {{lesson slide|01: | + | {{lesson slide|01:35|4 min}} |
+ | '''Altimeter''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Measures the weight of the air above you - air pressure. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The higher you go up, the less pressure - displays elevation is feet or meters. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Air pressure also affected by weather - high and low pressures | ||
+ | * needs to be recalibrated when the weather changes | ||
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+ | Can be bought as separate device, or built into watches, radios, cell phones. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Does not require clear view of sky. Works when GPS's fail. | ||
+ | Works indoors, in caves. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Only useful when elevation helps is determining location. | ||
+ | * e.g. following a feature (ridge line) until hit certain elevation | ||
+ | * e.g. traversing along same elevation until hit certain feature (creek) | ||
+ | * terrain has a lot of elevation details : big hills, mountains : Kananaskis, Waterton, BC | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{lesson slide|01:39|2 min}} | ||
+ | '''Pace Counter''' | ||
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+ | Measuring distance with your feet. | ||
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+ | Will be separate exercise. | ||
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+ | Pace is landing with the same foot. | ||
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+ | Need to count each pace. | ||
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+ | beads - slide bead on every 10 paces. Slide other for every 100 paces. | ||
+ | |||
+ | pedometer - measures the jiggle from each pace. | ||
+ | |||
+ | alternative: count in your head, use note book. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{lesson slide|01:41|1 min}} | ||
'''Summary''' | '''Summary''' | ||
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* 1 Brett Wuth's Garmin eTrex GPS | * 1 Brett Wuth's Garmin eTrex GPS | ||
* 5 copies topo map of locale (82 H/5) | * 5 copies topo map of locale (82 H/5) | ||
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* copy for each student of local street map | * copy for each student of local street map | ||
* copy for each student of PCSAR Doc-69 [[PCSAR DOC-69 GPS Set Up and Maintenance|GPS - Set-Up and Maintenance]] | * copy for each student of PCSAR Doc-69 [[PCSAR DOC-69 GPS Set Up and Maintenance|GPS - Set-Up and Maintenance]] | ||
* [[Image:GPS-lesson-plan.odt|GPS lesson plan (odt)]] ([[:Image:GPS-lesson-plan.pdf|pdf]]) | * [[Image:GPS-lesson-plan.odt|GPS lesson plan (odt)]] ([[:Image:GPS-lesson-plan.pdf|pdf]]) | ||
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== Question bank == | == Question bank == | ||
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{{prompt|If you need to cite sources, do so here.}} | {{prompt|If you need to cite sources, do so here.}} | ||
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== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
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'''COMPASS''' - Chinese | '''COMPASS''' - Chinese | ||
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass_navigation_system | * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass_navigation_system | ||
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