2016-02-02 regular training/Cold Weather Injuries lesson plan
From PCSAR
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* wet clothes don't insulate well | * wet clothes don't insulate well | ||
+ | * moisture cools as it evaporates | ||
* loss of energy | * loss of energy | ||
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* call a stop | * call a stop | ||
* change layers | * change layers | ||
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+ | '''Treating Mild Hypothermia | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Pick 4 students | ||
+ | |||
+ | You are a team of 4 that's been assigned to search an unofficial trail higher on the mountain. | ||
+ | You are shuttled up to the trail on snowmobile, but they can't go further because of the large | ||
+ | number of partially fallen trees. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Your team follows the trail for about an hour and then stops for break and to call-in. | ||
+ | Unfortunately there's no radio coverage here, so the Team Leader (#1) and the radio person (#2) | ||
+ | climb to a higher point, still within sight of the rest of the team. | ||
+ | |||
+ | When the two get back, the two that stayed are shivering hard. | ||
+ | One of them (#3) wants to get going to warm up. | ||
+ | The other (#4) insists there's nothing wrong and seems a little angry. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Have two of the students mime this. | ||
+ | |||
+ | How serious is this? What should you do? | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''Have group role play. | ||
+ | ''If they don't come up with the "best" answer, describe consequences, give them a little bit more information. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''They both have extra clothes they could put on. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If decide to travel: | ||
+ | * After about 5 minutes #4 starts stumbling, taking off his jacket. He falls, is confused and is no longer shivering. | ||
+ | * ''Stop at this point. | ||
+ | * Does anyone know why s/he got worse? | ||
+ | * ''Discuss rewarming shock | ||
+ | ** cold blood from extremeties enters core and lowers core temperature causing severe hypothermia | ||
+ | * ''Reset the scenario | ||
+ | |||
+ | If they decide rewarm without checking level of shivering: | ||
+ | * ''Discuss how they rewarm (see below for best answer) | ||
+ | * ''Discuss delay and option warming up by moving (exercise) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ''As necessary, introduce | ||
+ | test to check for risk of rewarming shock | ||
+ | * Can the person will themselves to momentarily stop shivering | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Best answer: | ||
+ | * Because they are shivering they are in "mild hypothermia", not severe | ||
+ | * Should ask them to each try to momentarily stop shivering. If they can, they are not at risk of rewarming shock. | ||
+ | ** One can't stop shivering. | ||
+ | * Encourage that person to continue shivering. | ||
+ | * Avoid strenuous exercise for that person. | ||
+ | * Address sources of heat loss: | ||
+ | ** check for and consider removing soaked clothing | ||
+ | ** add toque, layers of clothing | ||
+ | ** get out of wind, breeze | ||
+ | ** dry | ||
+ | * Improve heat generation | ||
+ | ** high energy food | ||
+ | ** water | ||
+ | * Apply external heat | ||
+ | ** fire | ||
+ | ** body-to-body (clothed) | ||
+ | ** hot drink | ||
+ | * Once recovered, consider returning to base due to muscle exhaustion (shivering) and energy loss | ||
{{lesson slides end}} | {{lesson slides end}} | ||
Revision as of 08:01, 1 February 2016
Contents |
Subject
What is this lesson plan about?
This lesson plan is about preventing, identifying and treating cold-weather injuries.
As a team, students work through related scenarios in the classroom and deal hands-on with equipment. They make decisions and discuss them (knowledge skills) and demonstrate techniques (performance skills). The scenario is paused when necessary to address any gaps in skills.
This format is designed to maximize the participation of the students, and avoiding the complaints of a dry lecture.
Authors
List who wrote this lesson plan.
- Brett Wuth
Scope
What is included in this lesson, what's not and why.
Prerequisites
What should students already know/have accomplished before the lesson is presented.
Objectives
At the conclusion of this lesson the participants:
- will be able to ...
Time Plan
Total Time: ?? minutes
Time | Material
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00:00 3 min |
Introduce topic title Introduce Instructor Present Objectives |
00:03
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Scenario Introduction It's mid February of what's been a snowy winter. PCSAR gets a call at 01:00 from the local RCMP. A couple from Calgary, Leonard and Sally Hughes, in their mid-twenties are missing. They were expected back at a Beaver Mines bed and breakfast last evening after a day of cross-country skiing. Their vehicle has been found at the Syncline Cross Country Trails parking lot. The conditions yesterday was -5 C, with heavy snow in the afternoon. Tonight it's -25 C, with 10 km/hr wind. Tomorrow during the day it's expected to be -20 with 40 km/hr wind. Multiple ski trails leave the parking lot, partially obscured by new snow.
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Addressing Hazards Pick a student to act a part of the overhead team. To answer questions in that role. Involve the group in discussing answers. You've been asked to help as part of the Incident Management Team. It's 04:00 and while 2 snowmobile teams are sweeping the trails, the Incident Commander is starting to think about calling for more searchers for dawn 07:30. More snowmobiles but also ground searchers on cross-country skis and snowshoes to search between trails and the unofficial trails that are too tight for snowmobiles. You are asked to think about and identify all the hazards that will need to be addressed in the morning. Among others, student should identify risk of cold-related injuries, in particular hypothermia. What can the overhead team do to address the risk of cold-related injuries to searchers? To the subject? Among others, should suggest
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Group Equipment Ask same student, fill in with group discussion What group equipment does PCSAR have for cold-weather injuries?
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Group Equipment Hands-on Have the students bring the hypothermia kits and the stretcher to the classroom. This is good practice for them locating the equipment. If necessary have discussion of where equipment is stored, how to access. When equipment arrives, open up and examine.
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Safety Check Pick a student to act as a Team Leader You're assigned as a Team Leader of a group of 4, none of who you know. Your initial assignment is Type 2 search of a segment of rolling hills, wind-exposed hilltops and heavily wooded areas. You figure it will take at least 4 hours to complete. You know you should do a safety check of your team. What will you look for? Expand to an open discussion. There are many possible answers here, but direct towards discussion of thermal management.
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Avoiding Sweat Pick a couple of students You've both been assigned as part of a team of 4. It's cold at the Search Base while you're waiting to get going. What would you be wearing? Your first assignment is a segment close to the Search Base. But first you have to go up a steep hill to get to it. The Team Leader and his friend lead the way, climbing rapidly. You two are starting to sweat. What's wrong with that?
Good answers
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Treating Mild Hypothermia Pick 4 students You are a team of 4 that's been assigned to search an unofficial trail higher on the mountain. You are shuttled up to the trail on snowmobile, but they can't go further because of the large number of partially fallen trees. Your team follows the trail for about an hour and then stops for break and to call-in. Unfortunately there's no radio coverage here, so the Team Leader (#1) and the radio person (#2) climb to a higher point, still within sight of the rest of the team. When the two get back, the two that stayed are shivering hard. One of them (#3) wants to get going to warm up. The other (#4) insists there's nothing wrong and seems a little angry. Have two of the students mime this. How serious is this? What should you do? Have group role play. If they don't come up with the "best" answer, describe consequences, give them a little bit more information. They both have extra clothes they could put on. If decide to travel:
If they decide rewarm without checking level of shivering:
As necessary, introduce test to check for risk of rewarming shock
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Aids
What materials are needed or useful in presenting this lesson.
- mannequin or rescue randy
- alternatively a volunteer can stand-in, but be careful that they don't overheat when packaged inside for what should be outside conditions
- PCSAR's hypothermia kit
- PCSAR's stretcher and packaging from ATV trailer/sleigh
Question bank
List of questions suitable for an review/exam of this section.
See Question bank
Frequently Asked Questions
What are some of the questions that students typically ask. Include the answers.
Feedback
When has this lesson been presented. What was the feedback.
License
What can others do with this lesson?
Recommended license below. Fill in the year and the author's name(s):
Copyright © 2016, Brett Wuth. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 Canada License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ca/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Reference Material
If you need to cite sources, do so here.
[1]
Notes
Any additional notes, etc.