SAR Fundamentals/First Aid
From PCSAR
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=== Outline === | === Outline === | ||
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[From Jake's outline] | [From Jake's outline] | ||
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Diagnose your aches and pains before they bring you down. | Diagnose your aches and pains before they bring you down. | ||
Hypothermia | Hypothermia | ||
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Freezing injuries. | Freezing injuries. | ||
Frost bite | Frost bite | ||
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Solar injuries | Solar injuries | ||
Sunburn | Sunburn | ||
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Snow blindness | Snow blindness | ||
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Altitude Related Problems | Altitude Related Problems | ||
| - | Mountain sickness-MAS- found over 8000 feet, not acclimating to | + | Mountain sickness-MAS- found over 8000 feet, not acclimating to elevation, going up too quick. |
| - | elevation, going up too quick. | + | |
Fatigue | Fatigue | ||
Loss of appetite | Loss of appetite | ||
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Tick removal | Tick removal | ||
Poisonous plants | Poisonous plants | ||
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General Considerations for the SAR Casualty | General Considerations for the SAR Casualty | ||
Use common sense | Use common sense | ||
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Remember: | Remember: | ||
| - | if nothing else, do no more harm. | + | if nothing else, do no more harm. |
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== Aids == | == Aids == | ||
* Video projector | * Video projector | ||
Revision as of 05:39, 26 November 2011
Contents |
Material covered
- SAR Fundamentals Manual:
- Ch.9 "Some Survival First Aid Considerations"
- appendix B
- Basic SAR Skills Manual:
- Ch.11 "First Aid"
- F-9 "Hypothermia"
- Hypothermia
Time alloted
- 1.0 hr
Lesson plan
Outline
[From Jake's outline]
Chapter outlines
Chapter 9
Survival First Aid p.121
W/appendix B
Don't jeopardize your team by becoming a victim your self.
Self first Aid
Diagnose your aches and pains before they bring you down.
Hypothermia
Freezing injuries.
Frost bite
Frost nip
Trench foot (foot immersion)- exposure of skin to cold wet
conditions.
Chilblain- exposure of dry skin to cold.
Heat related problems.
Heat cramps- profuse sweating and salt depletion.
Heat exhaustion- extreme version of heat cramps.
Dehydration, seen with unconsciousness.
Headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea.
Cool moist skin
Heat stroke- life threatening.
Can cause brain damage.
Skin is hot, reddened, and dry.
Headache, dizziness, dry mouth, coma, and seizures.
Quickly becomes confused.
Treatment is aimed at lowering body temp., as soon as possible.
Remove clothing and place the victim in a cool place with low
humidity.
Solar injuries
Sunburn
Snow blindness
Altitude Related Problems
Mountain sickness-MAS- found over 8000 feet, not acclimating to elevation, going up too quick.
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Sleepiness
Weakness
Apathy, and headache
HAPE- High altitude pulmonary edema,
Fluid on the lungs
Climbing above 8000 ft too quickly.
Lethal if not treated.
Same symptoms as MAS
White or red(bloody) mucus when coughing.
Weakness
Short of breath.
Can start as low as 4000 ft. called mid altitude sickness.
HACE- High altitude cerebral edema
Fluid on the brain
Inability to walk a straight line
Change in consciousness,
Impaired judgment.
Water Deprivation
Dehydration, losing of body water, hypohrdration, levels too low.
Thirst may be absent at altitude.
Blisters
Don't get them, and treat them asap.
Snakes- overhead
Insects
Tick removal
Poisonous plants
General Considerations for the SAR Casualty
Use common sense
Remain calm
Always hope for the best, but presume the worst.
Never perform something you are unsure of.
Never move a seriously injured person, unless they are in danger
from the environment, or for medical reasons.
Don't allow a person to "walk it off"
Never approach and injured person from above.
Re-evaluate at regular intervals.
Keep lots of notes.
Have a witness to remove restrictive clothing and jewelry, and
place the objects in a safe place.
Remember:
if nothing else, do no more harm.
Aids
- Video projector
- laptop
- computer slides for this section
- non-publishable material
Question bank
Q: What temperature is hypothermia considered severe?
A: When your body temperature is below 32 deg C.
Q: What is the number one killer outdoors?
A: hypothermia
Q: What is hypothermia?
A: body temperature below 35 deg C.
Q: What are the 5 sources of hypothermia?
A:
- conduction
- convection
- evaporation
- radiation
- respiration
Q: Name 4 of the "umbles".
A:
- grumble
- mumble
- tumble
- stumble
- fumble
- bumble
Q: What do the 3 W's stand for in risk for hypothermia?
A:
- Wet
- Wind
- Weary
Q: At what temperature does shivering stop.
A: 30 to 32 degrees C.
Q: What is the first sign of hypothermia?
A: Goosebumps.
Q: Name the 3 types of frostbite.
A:
- superficial
- deep
- frozen state
Q: Do you rub (massage) a frost-bit limb? Why?
A: No. It causes major tissue damage.
Q: Do you warm severe frostbite slowly or quickly?
A: Quickly. In 102 deg F water. Be careful with tissue.
Q: What are the 3 system in the body affected by hypothermia?
A:
- brain (intellect)
- muscles
- heart
Q: What are some aggravating factors that can contribute to hypothermia?
A:
- alcohol / drug use
- head injuries
- hypoglycemia
- dehydration
- caffeine
- smoking
- age
- preexisting illness
Q:
What are your muscles doing in
- mild hypothermia?
- severe hypothermia?
A:
- mild: shivering
- severe: stiff/rigid
Q:
When should you not thaw a frost bite?
A: When EMS is available, let them treat. Do not thaw, if cannot be kept thawed.
