SAR Fundamentals/Compass practical and pacing

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'''Introduction'''
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Introduce topic title
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Present Objectives
Present Objectives
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instructional points in normal font
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'''Review - declination'''
 +
 
 +
* Magnetic north is not the same as true north
 +
* ''point out the approximate direction of true north and magnetic north''
 +
* The difference between the two is called declination
 +
* In our part of the world magnetic north is to the east of north, so we have EAST declination
 +
* Declination changes each year as the north magnetic pole moves
 +
{{quote-page|Navigation/Declinations}}
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* ''Give declination for lesson location to the nearest degree (ignore seconds)''
 +
* We should always ask what the declination is for our search area
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Setting declination'''
-
''aids, exercises, activities in italic''
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* The needle points to magnetic north
 +
* But we want the directions on the compass bezel to show directions relative to true north
 +
* We do that by setting declination on the compass
 +
* We use the key on the lanyard to move the bed
 +
* ''point out how to read the declination a compass is set at''
 +
* ''point out which side is EAST declination and which is WEST''
 +
* ''Have each student set their declination to zero and then back to the correct declination for this location''
 +
* '' Check that each student has correctly set declination''
-
1/ discuss Magnetic Declination
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{{lesson slide||}}
 +
'''Review - compass failures'''
-
* Where needle points
+
* avoid metal
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** don't hold compass close to your belt buckle
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** don't stand near vehicle, metal building
 +
* avoid magnetic fields
 +
** don't stand underneath high power lines
-
* Reading declination from map (add grid N)
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{{lesson slide||}}
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'''Holding compass'''
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* North pole moves
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* about arm's length away from you
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** currently moving north about 40 km / year
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** don't have lanyard around your neck
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** Magnetic declination for Pincher Creek, 2012: 14deg 38' E.
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* hold the compass about at eye level
-
*** according to http://geomag.nrcan.gc.ca/apps/mdcal-eng.php
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* hold the compass level
-
*** We track on our wiki: [[Navigation#Declination]]
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* ''demonstrate''
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* Adjusting declination on compass
 
-
2/ shooting a bearing with a compass
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{{lesson slide||}}
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'''Sighting'''
-
* using compass
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* sighting requires that you have several things working at once.
-
** avoid metal
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* close one eye
-
*** belt buckle
+
* fold the mirror so you can see all of the bezel in it
-
** avoid magnetic fields
+
** when you hold the mirror away from you, you're looking in the mirror; you're not looking down at the bezel directly
 +
* make sure you're holding the compass level
 +
* make sure you see the center line in the mirror slices through the middle of the needle
 +
* use the sighting notch at the top of the mirror center line to spot your target
 +
** you may have to raise or lower the compass slightly to bring the target into view
 +
** some compasses also have a sighting notch at the bottom of the mirror center line
 +
* RECHECK you have all things correct at the same time:
 +
*# one eye closed
 +
*# compass level
 +
*# can see all of bezel in mirror
 +
*# mirror center line through needle center
 +
*# can see target in notch
 +
* ''demonstrate''
 +
* ''have each student sight on an object on the far distance; have them verbally confirm each of the sighting requirements''
 +
** ''Because you can't put your head where the student's head is, you won't be able to check all of their sighting requirements, but can check whether they are holding compass level, have one eye closed. You can approximate the others by looking over their shoulder.''
-
* holding compass
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{{lesson slide||}}
-
** hold flat
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'''Reading a bearing'''
-
+
-
* sighting
+
-
** using mirror
+
-
** using sighting notches
+
* reading bearing
* reading bearing

Revision as of 05:46, 7 February 2013

Lesson plan:

This page is based on the Lesson plan template.

Use that template to make similar pages.

Contents

Subject

What is this lesson plan about?


This is a short 1-hour practical training on taking and following bearing with a compass and pacing distance, to be done outside in an open area.

A small student to instructor ratio (max 5:1) is recommended. As such, this lesson is often one station of several with a larger class broken up into smaller teams of max 5 students and this session is taught repeatedly by the same instructor as the teams move between stations. See "Search skills and compass practical" as a commonly used example of this lesson as one of several stations.

Authors

List who wrote this lesson plan.

Brett Wuth, Chris Jorgensen

Scope

What is included in this lesson, what's not and why.

SAR Fundamentals Manual: Ch.13 "Navigation"
Basic SAR Skills Manual: Ch.7 "Navigation"
  • Navigation - section 3 - compass use and exercise

Prerequisites

What should students already know/have accomplished before the lesson is presented.

Prior to this lesson, students should have already been introduced to the following concepts:

  1. identify cardinal directions
  2. identify directions in degrees

See "Navigation - map - direction" for the lesson plan that provides these prerequisites.

  1. the parts of a compass
  2. how a compass works
  3. how a compass fails
  4. declination

See "Navigation instruments theory" for the lesson plan that provides these prerequisites.

Objectives

At the conclusion of this lesson the participants:

  1. will be able to ...
  • shooting a bearing with a compass
  • pacing
  • exercises:
    • bearings
    • pacing / bearing
  • backbearing
  • offsets

Time Plan

Total Time: 60 minutes


Time Material


00:00

3 min

Introduction

Introduce topic title

Introduce Instructor

Present Objectives

00:03


Review - declination

  • Magnetic north is not the same as true north
  • point out the approximate direction of true north and magnetic north
  • The difference between the two is called declination
  • In our part of the world magnetic north is to the east of north, so we have EAST declination
  • Declination changes each year as the north magnetic pole moves
Navigation/Declinations:
  • Pincher Creek, February 2020: 13 deg 38' E
  • Lethbridge, February 2020: 13 deg 12' E
  • Banff, February 2020: 14 deg 36' E
  • Give declination for lesson location to the nearest degree (ignore seconds)
  • We should always ask what the declination is for our search area



Setting declination

  • The needle points to magnetic north
  • But we want the directions on the compass bezel to show directions relative to true north
  • We do that by setting declination on the compass
  • We use the key on the lanyard to move the bed
  • point out how to read the declination a compass is set at
  • point out which side is EAST declination and which is WEST
  • Have each student set their declination to zero and then back to the correct declination for this location
  • Check that each student has correctly set declination



Review - compass failures

  • avoid metal
    • don't hold compass close to your belt buckle
    • don't stand near vehicle, metal building
  • avoid magnetic fields
    • don't stand underneath high power lines



Holding compass

  • about arm's length away from you
    • don't have lanyard around your neck
  • hold the compass about at eye level
  • hold the compass level
  • demonstrate



Sighting

  • sighting requires that you have several things working at once.
  • close one eye
  • fold the mirror so you can see all of the bezel in it
    • when you hold the mirror away from you, you're looking in the mirror; you're not looking down at the bezel directly
  • make sure you're holding the compass level
  • make sure you see the center line in the mirror slices through the middle of the needle
  • use the sighting notch at the top of the mirror center line to spot your target
    • you may have to raise or lower the compass slightly to bring the target into view
    • some compasses also have a sighting notch at the bottom of the mirror center line
  • RECHECK you have all things correct at the same time:
    1. one eye closed
    2. compass level
    3. can see all of bezel in mirror
    4. mirror center line through needle center
    5. can see target in notch
  • demonstrate
  • have each student sight on an object on the far distance; have them verbally confirm each of the sighting requirements
    • Because you can't put your head where the student's head is, you won't be able to check all of their sighting requirements, but can check whether they are holding compass level, have one eye closed. You can approximate the others by looking over their shoulder.



Reading a bearing

  • reading bearing
    • rotating barrel
    • "red to the bed"
    • parallax problem
      • parallel needle edge, not needle in the middle
    • practice reading bearings to several objects
    • vary distance and note differences in error
  • walking a bearing
    • setting bearing
    • how far to look
    • practice finding destinations at several bearings

3/ Pacing

  • Step is one foot to the opposite
  • Pace is one foot to the same foot (two steps)
  • counting your pace
  • measure your pace in 10m
  • calculating distance from paces
  • calculating paces from distance

4/ Exercises: bearings

  • hand-out: Pacing and Traverse

5/ Advance

As they come up in discussion, describe:

  • back bearings
  • offsets



Aids

What materials are needed or useful in presenting this lesson.

Question bank

List of questions suitable for an review/exam of this section.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are some of the questions that students typically ask. Include the answers.


Feedback

When has this lesson been presented. What was the feedback.


License

What can others do with this lesson?


Copyright © 2010, Chris Jorgensen. Copyright © 2010-2013, Brett Wuth. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 Canada License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ca/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Reference Material

If you need to cite sources, do so here.


[1]

Notes

Any additional notes, etc.

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