SAR Fundamentals/First Aid

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* [[:Image:Hypothermia-lesson-plan.odt]]
* [[:Image:Hypothermia-lesson-plan.odt]]
=== Outline ===
=== Outline ===
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<pre>
 
[From Jake's outline]
[From Jake's outline]
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Diagnose your aches and pains before they bring you down.
Diagnose your aches and pains before they bring you down.
Hypothermia
Hypothermia
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Medical condition or illness that is caused by the body's inner
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temperature being lowered so far below normal as to cause a person to
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become ill. Also known as exposure.
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Causes:
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Falling in cold water
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Traveling in the cold while wet
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Improper dress
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Alcohol
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Drugs
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Urban hypothermia. (lack of funds to pay bills)
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A person can be considered hypothermic when their core temperature is
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below 35*c.
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Heat transfer:
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Radiation
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Conduction
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Convection
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evaporation
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hydration play a role in hypothermia, thermal control is lost or reduced.
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Dehydration occurs faster in colder weather and at elevation.
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Signs of hypothermia
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Severe hypothermia
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shivering may stop all together.
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Unable to walk, poor muscular co-ordination.
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Confusion, incoherent, irrational behavior.
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May become careless, self preservation.
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At less than 30.5*c muscles become rigid.
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Semiconscious.
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After 28*c unconsciousness
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After 26*c cardiac arrest.
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Freezing injuries.
Freezing injuries.
Frost bite
Frost bite
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Solar injuries
Solar injuries
Sunburn
Sunburn
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Snow blindness
Snow blindness
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Altitude Related Problems
Altitude Related Problems
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Mountain sickness-MAS- found over 8000 feet, not acclimating to
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Mountain sickness-MAS- found over 8000 feet, not acclimating to elevation, going up too quick.
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elevation, going up too quick.
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Fatigue
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Loss of appetite
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Tick removal
Tick removal
Poisonous plants
Poisonous plants
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General Considerations for the SAR Casualty
General Considerations for the SAR Casualty
Use common sense
Use common sense
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Remember:
Remember:
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if nothing else, do no more harm.
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if nothing else, do no more harm.
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</pre>
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== Aids ==
== Aids ==
* Video projector
* Video projector

Revision as of 05:39, 26 November 2011

Contents

Material covered

SAR Fundamentals Manual:
  • Ch.9 "Some Survival First Aid Considerations"
  • appendix B
Basic SAR Skills Manual:
  • Ch.11 "First Aid"
  • F-9 "Hypothermia"
Hypothermia

Time alloted

1.0 hr

Lesson plan

Outline

[From Jake's outline]

           Chapter outlines 
                         Chapter 9 
              Survival First Aid p.121 
                            W/appendix B 
Don't jeopardize your team by becoming a victim your self. 
Self first Aid 
         Diagnose your aches and pains before they bring you down. 
Hypothermia 
Freezing injuries. 
         Frost bite  
         Frost nip 
         Trench foot (foot immersion)- exposure of skin to cold wet 
         conditions. 
         Chilblain- exposure of dry skin to cold. 
Heat related problems. 

Heat cramps- profuse sweating and salt depletion.

Heat exhaustion-  extreme version of heat cramps. 
         Dehydration, seen with unconsciousness. 
         Headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea. 
         Cool moist skin 
          

Heat stroke- life threatening.

         Can cause brain damage. 
         Skin is hot, reddened, and dry. 
         Headache, dizziness, dry mouth, coma, and seizures. 
         Quickly becomes confused. 
         Treatment is aimed at lowering body temp., as soon as possible. 
         Remove clothing and place the victim in a cool place with low 
         humidity. 
Solar injuries 
Sunburn 

Snow blindness

Altitude Related Problems

Mountain sickness-MAS- found over 8000 feet,  not acclimating to elevation, going up too quick. 
         Fatigue 
         Loss of appetite 
         Sleepiness 
         Weakness 
         Apathy, and headache 
HAPE- High altitude pulmonary edema,   
         Fluid on the lungs 
         Climbing above 8000 ft too quickly. 
         Lethal if not treated. 
         Same symptoms as MAS 
         White or red(bloody) mucus when coughing. 
         Weakness  
         Short of breath. 
         Can start as low as 4000 ft.  called mid altitude sickness. 
HACE- High altitude cerebral edema 
         Fluid on the brain 
         Inability to walk a straight line 
         Change in consciousness, 
         Impaired judgment. 
Water Deprivation 
         Dehydration, losing of body water, hypohrdration, levels too low.  
       Thirst may be absent at altitude. 
Blisters 
         Don't get them, and treat them asap. 
Snakes- overhead 
Insects 
         Tick removal 
Poisonous plants 

General Considerations for the SAR Casualty

         Use common sense 
         Remain calm 
         Always hope for the best, but presume the worst. 
         Never perform something you are unsure of. 
         Never move a seriously injured person, unless they are in danger 
       from the environment, or for medical reasons. 
         Don't allow a person to "walk it off" 
         Never approach and injured person from above. 
         Re-evaluate at regular intervals. 
         Keep lots of notes. 
         Have a witness to remove restrictive clothing and jewelry, and 
       place the objects in a safe place. 

                                 Remember: 
       if nothing else, do no more harm.

Aids

Question bank

Q: What temperature is hypothermia considered severe?

A: When your body temperature is below 32 deg C.


Q: What is the number one killer outdoors?

A: hypothermia


Q: What is hypothermia?

A: body temperature below 35 deg C.


Q: What are the 5 sources of hypothermia?

A:

  • conduction
  • convection
  • evaporation
  • radiation
  • respiration


Q: Name 4 of the "umbles".

A:

  • grumble
  • mumble
  • tumble
  • stumble
  • fumble
  • bumble


Q: What do the 3 W's stand for in risk for hypothermia?

A:

  • Wet
  • Wind
  • Weary


Q: At what temperature does shivering stop.

A: 30 to 32 degrees C.


Q: What is the first sign of hypothermia?

A: Goosebumps.


Q: Name the 3 types of frostbite.

A:

  • superficial
  • deep
  • frozen state


Q: Do you rub (massage) a frost-bit limb? Why?

A: No. It causes major tissue damage.


Q: Do you warm severe frostbite slowly or quickly?

A: Quickly. In 102 deg F water. Be careful with tissue.


Q: What are the 3 system in the body affected by hypothermia?

A:

  • brain (intellect)
  • muscles
  • heart


Q: What are some aggravating factors that can contribute to hypothermia?

A:

  • alcohol / drug use
  • head injuries
  • hypoglycemia
  • dehydration
  • caffeine
  • smoking
  • age
  • preexisting illness


Q: What are your muscles doing in

  • mild hypothermia?
  • severe hypothermia?

A:

  • mild: shivering
  • severe: stiff/rigid


Q: When should you not thaw a frost bite?

A: When EMS is available, let them treat. Do not thaw, if cannot be kept thawed.

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