SAR Fundamentals/First Aid

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Contents

Material covered

SAR Fundamentals Manual:
  • Ch.9 "Some Survival First Aid Considerations"
  • appendix B
Basic SAR Skills Manual:
  • Ch.11 "First Aid"
  • F-9 "Hypothermia"
Hypothermia

Time alloted

1.0 hr

Lesson plan

Outline

[From Jake's outline] 

           Chapter outlines 
                         Chapter 9 
              Survival First Aid p.121 
                            W/appendix B 
Don't jeopardize your team by becoming a victim your self. 
Self first Aid 
         Diagnose your aches and pains before they bring you down. 
Hypothermia 

Freezing injuries. 
         Frost bite  
         Frost nip 
         Trench foot (foot immersion)- exposure of skin to cold wet 
         conditions. 
         Chilblain- exposure of dry skin to cold. 
Heat related problems.

Heat cramps- profuse sweating and salt depletion. 

Heat exhaustion-  extreme version of heat cramps. 
         Dehydration, seen with unconsciousness. 
         Headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea. 
         Cool moist skin

Heat stroke- life threatening. 

         Can cause brain damage. 
         Skin is hot, reddened, and dry. 
         Headache, dizziness, dry mouth, coma, and seizures. 
         Quickly becomes confused. 
         Treatment is aimed at lowering body temp., as soon as possible. 
         Remove clothing and place the victim in a cool place with low 
         humidity. 
Solar injuries 
Sunburn

Snow blindness

Altitude Related Problems 

Mountain sickness-MAS- found over 8000 feet,  not acclimating to elevation, going up too quick. 
         Fatigue 
         Loss of appetite 
         Sleepiness 
         Weakness 
         Apathy, and headache 
HAPE- High altitude pulmonary edema,   
         Fluid on the lungs 
         Climbing above 8000 ft too quickly. 
         Lethal if not treated. 
         Same symptoms as MAS 
         White or red(bloody) mucus when coughing. 
         Weakness  
         Short of breath. 
         Can start as low as 4000 ft.  called mid altitude sickness. 
HACE- High altitude cerebral edema 
         Fluid on the brain 
         Inability to walk a straight line 
         Change in consciousness, 
         Impaired judgment. 
Water Deprivation 
         Dehydration, losing of body water, hypohrdration, levels too low.  
       Thirst may be absent at altitude. 
Blisters 
         Don't get them, and treat them asap. 
Snakes- overhead 
Insects 
         Tick removal 
Poisonous plants

General Considerations for the SAR Casualty 

         Use common sense 
         Remain calm 
         Always hope for the best, but presume the worst. 
         Never perform something you are unsure of. 
         Never move a seriously injured person, unless they are in danger 
       from the environment, or for medical reasons. 
         Don't allow a person to "walk it off" 
         Never approach and injured person from above. 
         Re-evaluate at regular intervals. 
         Keep lots of notes. 
         Have a witness to remove restrictive clothing and jewelry, and 
       place the objects in a safe place. 

                                 Remember: 
       if nothing else, do no more harm.

Aids

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