SAR Fundamentals/Evacuation

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== Aids ==
 
{{Lesson plan/Header}}
{{Lesson plan/Header}}
== Subject ==
== Subject ==
{{prompt|What is this lesson plan about?}}
{{prompt|What is this lesson plan about?}}
 +
Moving the subject after they have been located.
== Authors ==
== Authors ==
-
Chris Jorgensen
+
{{prompt|List who wrote this lesson plan.}}
== Scope ==
== Scope ==
{{prompt|What is included in this lesson, what's not and why.}}
{{prompt|What is included in this lesson, what's not and why.}}
 +
: Addresses part of [[Members:CSA/Z1625/Text/Searcher training curriculum/First aid and survival skills/First aid|CSA Z1625 4.4.1]]
 +
:* part of T1. First aid procedures related to relevant search environment.
: SAR Fundamentals Manual: Ch.26 "Evacuation"
: SAR Fundamentals Manual: Ch.26 "Evacuation"
: Basic SAR Skills Manual: Ch.23 "Rescue and Evacuation"
: Basic SAR Skills Manual: Ch.23 "Rescue and Evacuation"
-
: [include litter carry / perhaps patient packaging]
+
: include litter carry / patient packaging
 +
: does not include spinal restriction / C-collar / backboard
== Prerequisites ==
== Prerequisites ==
Line 19: Line 22:
== Objectives ==
== Objectives ==
At the conclusion of this lesson the participants:
At the conclusion of this lesson the participants:
-
# will be able to ...
+
# can identify roles within an evacuation
 +
# can reduce patient stress
 +
# can package patient in stretcher
 +
# can safely carry a patient in a stretcher through terrain difficulties
== Time Plan ==
== Time Plan ==
-
Total Time: 30 minutes
+
Total Time: 40 minutes lecture, 30 minute practice
 +
* 2013-02: 25 min
{{lesson slides start}}
{{lesson slides start}}
{{lesson slide|00:00|3 min}}
{{lesson slide|00:00|3 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=1|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=2|thumb]]
 +
Introduce topic title
Introduce topic title
Line 31: Line 41:
Present Objectives
Present Objectives
-
{{lesson slide|00:03|}}
+
# can identify roles within an evacuation
-
instructional points in normal font
+
# can reduce patient stress
 +
# can package patient in stretcher
 +
# can safely carry a patient in a stretcher through terrain difficulties
 +
{{lesson slide|00:03|1 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=3|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=4|thumb]]
 +
'''Evacuation Concept
-
''aids, exercises, activities in italic''
+
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:04|2 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=5|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=6|thumb]]
 +
''Carry vs. ...
 +
 
 +
* helicopter extraction
 +
* stay
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:06|3 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=7|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=8|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=9|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=10|thumb]]
 +
Roles in Evacuation
 +
 
 +
inner circle (medical) vs. outer circle (rescue)
 +
 
 +
* team leader
 +
* first aider
 +
* advocate
 +
* stretcher bearers
 +
* scouts
 +
** scout out entire route
 +
** avoid having to back track
 +
** entire route doesn't need to be flagged, but does need to be obvious to the guide
 +
* guide
 +
 
 +
Additional resources will be sent in
 +
* up to 24 people required to sustain carry of stretcher in difficult terrain
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:09|2 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=11|thumb]]
 +
Medical Considerations
 +
 
 +
* take priority over most other aspects of evacuation
 +
* continuing monitoring of vital signs
 +
* access to injuries and extremity
 +
* risk of vomiting
 +
* hypothermia
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:11|2 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=12|thumb]]
 +
Subject Safety
 +
 
 +
* can't protect themselves
 +
* situations that may be safe for the stretcher bearers may not be safe for the subject
 +
** e.g. a slip, might mean stretcher bearer catches themselves with hands, subject has unprotected fall
 +
* what are the risks? how likely are they? how serious are they? how can they be mitigated?
 +
 
 +
* lower down, face up, more exposed
 +
* safety glasses, face shield, clear plastic sheet
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:13|2 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=13|thumb]]
 +
Subject Comfort
 +
 
 +
* pressure sores (can become medical issue)
 +
** more issue for SAR than other training (longer periods)
 +
** thermarest
 +
** packing voids
 +
** Padding, too much is almost enough
 +
* hydration
 +
* excretion
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:15|3 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=14|thumb]]
 +
Subject Stress
 +
 
 +
* very scary being the subject
 +
* losing control
 +
* calm voices, no shouting, listening, not talking at the same time, avoid side conversations
 +
** even if unconscious
 +
* build rapport with subject, patient advocate
 +
* use subject's name, introduce yourself, talk to subject
 +
* engage subject in their own care
 +
* sight lines, generally move feet first
 +
* avoid lights in eyes
 +
* dust, dirt, debris
 +
* claustrophobia
 +
** arms in/out of packaging
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:18|3 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=15|thumb]]
 +
Types of Stretchers
 +
 
 +
* wire basket stretcher (e.g. Stokes)
 +
* polyethylene basket stretcher (ferno)
 +
* two piece polyethylene basket stretcher
 +
* wheeled stretcher
 +
* mountain stretcher (e.g. Mariner)
 +
* field litter
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:21|23 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=16|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=17|thumb]]
 +
'''Order of Packaging - No backboard - theory
 +
 
 +
''demonstrate packaging'' (add 10 minutes)
 +
 
 +
* stretcher
 +
* burrito lashing laid out
 +
* tarp open
 +
* sleeping bag (open)
 +
* thermarest (deflated)
 +
* empty pockets
 +
* patient
 +
* pad hollows (neck, small of back, under knees, between legs)
 +
* environmental protection
 +
** close sleeping bag
 +
** add blankets
 +
** space blanket -- condensation issue
 +
** fold tarp
 +
** tie burrito lashing
 +
** inflate thermarest
 +
* stretcher lashing
 +
** cross at chest, cross at hip, above knees, below knees
 +
* faceshield / sunglasses
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:24|3 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=18|thumb]]
 +
Complex Packaging
 +
 
 +
spinal restrictions
 +
* advanced or wilderness first aid skill
 +
* thermarest goes between patient and backboard
 +
 
 +
rope rescue
 +
* needed for >15° slope or unstable terrain
 +
* improvised harness goes on patient
 +
* stretcher lashing is more complicated
 +
 
 +
People with these higher level skills will be brought in to work with
 +
you on packaging
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:27|1 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=19|thumb]]
 +
Carrying
 +
 
 +
* similar height on opposite sides
 +
* Carry the litter level or, if not possible, head high unless medical control suggests otherwise
 +
* use of webbing over outside shoulder
 +
** don't tie yourself in
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:28|2 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=20|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=21|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=22|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=23|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=24|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=25|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=26|thumb]]
 +
'''Rotation
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:30|1 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=27|thumb]]
 +
'''Carrying - cont.
 +
* anyone can call a break
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:31|1 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=28|thumb]]
 +
'''Lift/Lower
 +
 
 +
* safe lifting practice
 +
** don't take stretcher bearer role if bad back, shoulder, wrist
 +
** Lift with your legs (not your back)
 +
* lift/lower called by person at head
 +
** "on my call, we will lift"
 +
** "anyone not ready?" (ask in the negative)
 +
** "one, two, lift"
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:32|1 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=29|thumb]]
 +
'''Carrying Straps
 +
 
 +
 
 +
''exercise: short carry and lower''
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:33|2 min}}
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=30|thumb]]
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=31|thumb]]
 +
Moving
 +
 
 +
''exercise: resume the carry, adding complications of terrain to bring out the following points''
 +
 
 +
* Use of scout
 +
* relief comes in from front
 +
** exchange sides to relieve your tired arm
 +
** pass forward
 +
* obstacles/difficult terrain, stand still with firm footing and pass forward
 +
* subject is vomiting
 +
** place on ground and lift one side to near vertical
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|00:35|30 min}}
 +
'''Exercise
 +
 
 +
''practice wrap
 +
 
 +
''practice raise/lower
 +
 
 +
''practice carry
 +
 
 +
''practice rotation
 +
 
 +
''navigate obstacles
 +
 
 +
{{lesson slide|01:05|5 min}}
 +
Questions
 +
[[Image:SAR Basics Evacuation.pdf|page=14|thumb]]
{{lesson slides end}}
{{lesson slides end}}
== Aids ==
== Aids ==
{{prompt|What materials are needed or useful in presenting this lesson.}}
{{prompt|What materials are needed or useful in presenting this lesson.}}
-
* [[/Restricted|non-publishable material]]
+
* slides {{document format links|SAR Basics Evacuation}}
* wire mesh stretcher
* wire mesh stretcher
* webbing
* webbing
Line 45: Line 272:
** 1 x 10+m or 2 x 7m
** 1 x 10+m or 2 x 7m
* improvised terrain or obstacles
* improvised terrain or obstacles
-
 
+
== References ==
 +
* [[/Restricted|non-publishable material]]
 +
* {{link|Image:SAR Fund CJ Evacuation.pdf}}
 +
* [[Training/Ideas/First aid]]
 +
* {{link|Image:Members:Short History of Stretchers.pdf}}
 +
<gallery>
 +
Image:Members:Folding Military Field Litter.jpg
 +
</gallery>
 +
* BICO Module #3 Snowmobiler Basic Tx Principles (10 min video)
== Question bank ==
== Question bank ==
Line 62: Line 297:
Recommended license below. Fill in the year and the author's name(s):
Recommended license below. Fill in the year and the author's name(s):
-
Copyright © YEAR, Author.
+
Copyright © 2013-2018, Chris Jorgensen, Brett Wuth.
This work is licensed under a
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 Canada License.
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 Canada License.

Current revision

This page is based on the Lesson plan template.

Use that template to make similar pages.

Contents

[edit] Subject

What is this lesson plan about?

Moving the subject after they have been located.

[edit] Authors

List who wrote this lesson plan.


[edit] Scope

What is included in this lesson, what's not and why.

Addresses part of CSA Z1625 4.4.1
  • part of T1. First aid procedures related to relevant search environment.
SAR Fundamentals Manual: Ch.26 "Evacuation"
Basic SAR Skills Manual: Ch.23 "Rescue and Evacuation"
include litter carry / patient packaging
does not include spinal restriction / C-collar / backboard

[edit] Prerequisites

What should students already know/have accomplished before the lesson is presented.


[edit] Objectives

At the conclusion of this lesson the participants:

  1. can identify roles within an evacuation
  2. can reduce patient stress
  3. can package patient in stretcher
  4. can safely carry a patient in a stretcher through terrain difficulties

[edit] Time Plan

Total Time: 40 minutes lecture, 30 minute practice

  • 2013-02: 25 min


Time Material


00:00

3 min

Introduce topic title

Introduce Instructor

Present Objectives

  1. can identify roles within an evacuation
  2. can reduce patient stress
  3. can package patient in stretcher
  4. can safely carry a patient in a stretcher through terrain difficulties

00:03

1 min

Evacuation Concept


00:04

2 min

Carry vs. ...

  • helicopter extraction
  • stay


00:06

3 min

Roles in Evacuation

inner circle (medical) vs. outer circle (rescue)

  • team leader
  • first aider
  • advocate
  • stretcher bearers
  • scouts
    • scout out entire route
    • avoid having to back track
    • entire route doesn't need to be flagged, but does need to be obvious to the guide
  • guide

Additional resources will be sent in

  • up to 24 people required to sustain carry of stretcher in difficult terrain


00:09

2 min

Medical Considerations

  • take priority over most other aspects of evacuation
  • continuing monitoring of vital signs
  • access to injuries and extremity
  • risk of vomiting
  • hypothermia


00:11

2 min

Subject Safety

  • can't protect themselves
  • situations that may be safe for the stretcher bearers may not be safe for the subject
    • e.g. a slip, might mean stretcher bearer catches themselves with hands, subject has unprotected fall
  • what are the risks? how likely are they? how serious are they? how can they be mitigated?
  • lower down, face up, more exposed
  • safety glasses, face shield, clear plastic sheet


00:13

2 min

Subject Comfort

  • pressure sores (can become medical issue)
    • more issue for SAR than other training (longer periods)
    • thermarest
    • packing voids
    • Padding, too much is almost enough
  • hydration
  • excretion


00:15

3 min

Subject Stress

  • very scary being the subject
  • losing control
  • calm voices, no shouting, listening, not talking at the same time, avoid side conversations
    • even if unconscious
  • build rapport with subject, patient advocate
  • use subject's name, introduce yourself, talk to subject
  • engage subject in their own care
  • sight lines, generally move feet first
  • avoid lights in eyes
  • dust, dirt, debris
  • claustrophobia
    • arms in/out of packaging


00:18

3 min

Types of Stretchers

  • wire basket stretcher (e.g. Stokes)
  • polyethylene basket stretcher (ferno)
  • two piece polyethylene basket stretcher
  • wheeled stretcher
  • mountain stretcher (e.g. Mariner)
  • field litter


00:21

23 min

Order of Packaging - No backboard - theory

demonstrate packaging (add 10 minutes)

  • stretcher
  • burrito lashing laid out
  • tarp open
  • sleeping bag (open)
  • thermarest (deflated)
  • empty pockets
  • patient
  • pad hollows (neck, small of back, under knees, between legs)
  • environmental protection
    • close sleeping bag
    • add blankets
    • space blanket -- condensation issue
    • fold tarp
    • tie burrito lashing
    • inflate thermarest
  • stretcher lashing
    • cross at chest, cross at hip, above knees, below knees
  • faceshield / sunglasses


00:24

3 min

Complex Packaging

spinal restrictions

  • advanced or wilderness first aid skill
  • thermarest goes between patient and backboard

rope rescue

  • needed for >15° slope or unstable terrain
  • improvised harness goes on patient
  • stretcher lashing is more complicated

People with these higher level skills will be brought in to work with you on packaging


00:27

1 min

Carrying

  • similar height on opposite sides
  • Carry the litter level or, if not possible, head high unless medical control suggests otherwise
  • use of webbing over outside shoulder
    • don't tie yourself in


00:28

2 min

Rotation


00:30

1 min

Carrying - cont.

  • anyone can call a break


00:31

1 min

Lift/Lower

  • safe lifting practice
    • don't take stretcher bearer role if bad back, shoulder, wrist
    • Lift with your legs (not your back)
  • lift/lower called by person at head
    • "on my call, we will lift"
    • "anyone not ready?" (ask in the negative)
    • "one, two, lift"


00:32

1 min

Carrying Straps


exercise: short carry and lower


00:33

2 min

Moving

exercise: resume the carry, adding complications of terrain to bring out the following points

  • Use of scout
  • relief comes in from front
    • exchange sides to relieve your tired arm
    • pass forward
  • obstacles/difficult terrain, stand still with firm footing and pass forward
  • subject is vomiting
    • place on ground and lift one side to near vertical


00:35

30 min

Exercise

practice wrap

practice raise/lower

practice carry

practice rotation

navigate obstacles


01:05

5 min

Questions


[edit] Aids

What materials are needed or useful in presenting this lesson.

  • slides (download/print: .pdf; edit: .odp)
  • wire mesh stretcher
  • webbing
    • 6 x 5m
    • 1 x 10+m or 2 x 7m
  • improvised terrain or obstacles

[edit] References

  • BICO Module #3 Snowmobiler Basic Tx Principles (10 min video)

[edit] Question bank

List of questions suitable for an review/exam of this section.

See Question bank

[edit] Frequently Asked Questions

What are some of the questions that students typically ask. Include the answers.


[edit] Feedback

When has this lesson been presented. What was the feedback.


[edit] License

What can others do with this lesson?


Recommended license below. Fill in the year and the author's name(s):

Copyright © 2013-2018, Chris Jorgensen, Brett Wuth. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 Canada License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ca/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

[edit] Reference Material

If you need to cite sources, do so here.


[1]

[edit] Notes

Any additional notes, etc.

Retrieved from "http://pcsar.dyndns.org/mediawiki/index.php/SAR_Fundamentals/Evacuation"
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